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105th Congress, 1st Session - - - - - - - - - - - House Document 105-18
WILLAMETTE RIVER TEMPERATURE CONTROL, McKENZIE SUBBASIN, OREGON
__________
COMMUNICATION
from
THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF THE ARMY
(CIVIL WORKS)
transmitting
A LETTER FROM THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY DATED
FEBRUARY 1, 1996, SUBMITTING A REPORT TOGETHER WITH ACCOMPANYING PAPERS
AND ILLUSTRATIONS. RECEIVED IN THE UNITED STATES HOUSE OF
REPRESENTATIVES NOVEMBER 21, 1996, PURSUANT TO SECTION 204 OF THE 1970
FLOOD CONTROL ACT (PUBLIC LAW 91-611)
<GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT>
January 7, 1997.--Referred to the Committee on Transportation and
Infrastructure and ordered to be printed
WILLAMETTE RIVER TEMPERATURE CONTROL, McKENZIE SUBBASIN, OREGON
105th Congress, 1st Session - - - - - - - - - - - House Document 105-18
WILLAMETTE RIVER TEMPERATURE CONTROL,
McKENZIE SUBBASIN, OREGON
__________
COMMUNICATION
from
THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF THE ARMY
(CIVIL WORKS)
transmitting
A LETTER FROM THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY DATED
FEBRUARY 1, 1996, SUBMITTING A REPORT TOGETHER WITH ACCOMPANYING PAPERS
AND ILLUSTRATIONS. RECEIVED IN THE UNITED STATES HOUSE OF
REPRESENTATIVES NOVEMBER 21, 1996, PURSUANT TO SECTION 204 OF THE 1970
FLOOD CONTROL ACT (PUBLIC LAW 91-611)
<GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT>
January 7, 1997.--Referred to the Committee on Transportation and
Infrastructure and ordered to be printed
C O N T E N T S
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Volume I
Page
Letter of Transmittal............................................ vii
Comments of the Office of Management and Budget.................. ix
Comments of the State of Oregon.................................. x
Comments of the Department of the Interior......................xv, xvi
Letter to the Secretary of the Interior.......................... xvii
Comments of the Department of Agriculture.......................xix, xl
Letter to the Secretary of Agriculture........................... xliii
Comments of the Department of Energy............................. xlv
Comments of the Department of Transportation.....................xlviii
Comments of the Environmental Protection Agency..................xlviii
Report of the Chief of Engineers, Department of the Army......... 1
Report of the District Engineer:
Executive Summary............................................ 5
1. Introduction.............................................. 7
1.1 Study Authority...................................... 7
1.2 Study Purpose........................................ 9
1.3 Study Area and Scope................................. 9
1.4 Existing Projects.................................... 12
1.4.1 Blue River Lake................................ 12
1.4.2 Cougar Lake.................................... 15
1.4.3 Fishery Mitigation Aspects..................... 18
1.5 Related Studies, Reports, and Existing Water Projects 18
1.5.1 Willamette River Basin Reservoir System........ 18
1.5.2 Pacific Northwest Power Planning and
Conservation Act................................. 19
1.5.3 McKenzie Subbasin, Fish Management Plan........ 19
1.5.4 Willamette System Temperature Control Study.... 19
1.5.5 Willamette River Basin Review.................. 19
1.5.6 Oregon Water Management Plan................... 20
1.5.7 Blue River Hydropower.......................... 20
1.5.8 Forest Service and BLM Activities for the
Northern Spotted Owl............................. 21
1.5.9 National Wild and Scenic River System (NWSRS).. 21
1.5.10 Oregon Scenic Waterway Program................ 21
2. Description of the Study Area............................. 22
2.1 Overview............................................. 22
2.2 Topography and Geology............................... 22
2.3 Hydrologic Conditions................................ 22
2.3.1 General Characteristics........................ 22
2.3.2 Climate........................................ 23
2.3.3 Flow Conditions................................ 23
2.3.4 Effects of the Corps Projects on the McKenzie
System........................................... 25
2.4 Existing Thermal Conditions.......................... 26
2.5 Water Quality........................................ 34
2.5.1 Cougar and Blue River Lake..................... 34
2.5.2 McKenzie Subbasin.............................. 36
2.6 Biological Environment............................... 36
2.7 Fisheries and Aquatic Species........................ 37
2.7.1 Willamette Spring Chinook Salmon............... 37
2.7.2 Native Rainbow Trout........................... 39
2.7.3 Bull Trout..................................... 41
2.8 Social and Economic Conditions....................... 42
2.9 Recreation........................................... 42
2.10 Cultural Resources.................................. 43
3. Plan Formulation.......................................... 44
3.1 Overview............................................. 44
3.2 Problems and Opportunities........................... 44
3.2.1 Study Objectives............................... 44
3.2.2 Biological Objectives.......................... 45
3.3 Planning Constraints................................. 47
3.4 Formulation and Screening of Alternatives............ 47
3.4.1 Without-Project Condition...................... 48
3.4.2 Nonstructural Alternatives..................... 49
3.4.3 Structural Alternatives........................ 50
3.5 Performance of Selective Withdrawal Systems.......... 54
3.5.1 Overview....................................... 54
3.5.2 Results as Measured by Average Temperature
Differences...................................... 54
3.5.3 Results as Measured by Degree-Days of Warming
and Cooling...................................... 55
3.5.4 Summary of Results............................. 56
3.6 Ports vs Weirs....................................... 59
3.7 Environmental Outputs of the Alternative Scenarios... 59
3.7.1 Assumptions for the Spring Chinook Analysis.... 60
3.7.2 Results for Fry Emergence...................... 61
3.7.3 Incremental Analysis for Spring Chinook Adult
Returns.......................................... 61
3.7.4 Thermal Potential for Spring Chinook Movement.. 64
3.7.5 Resident Trout Outputs......................... 66
3.7.6 Bull Trout Outputs............................. 66
3.8 Selection of the Final Plan.......................... 67
4. Description of the Selected Plan.......................... 69
4.1 Cougar Selective Withdrawal System................... 69
4.2 Blue River Selective Withdrawal System............... 71
4.3 Temperature Control Operations....................... 71
4.4 Construction Considerations.......................... 73
4.4.1 General........................................ 73
4.4.2 Construction at Cougar Lake.................... 73
4.4.3 Diversion Considerations at Cougar............. 73
4.4.4 Construction at Blue River Lake................ 76
4.4.5 Diversion Considerations at Blue River......... 76
4.5 Hydrology During Construction........................ 77
4.5.1 Flood Control Evaluation....................... 77
4.5.2 Flow Augmentation.............................. 78
4.6 Operation and Maintenance consideration.............. 90
4.7 Hazardous, Toxic, and Radiological Waste (HTRW)
Investigation........................................ 90
4.8 Cost Estimate........................................ 91
4.9 Construction Impacts of the Selected Plan............ 94
4.9.1 Overview....................................... 94
4.9.2 Water Quality Impacts.......................... 95
4.9.3 Biological Impacts............................. 96
4.9.4 Threatened and Endangered Species.............. 98
4.9.5 Cultural Resources............................. 98
4.9.6 Socio-Economic Impacts......................... 98
4.9.7 Hydropower Losses.............................. 99
4.10 Operational Impacts of the Selected Plan............ 100
4.10.1 Biological Impacts............................ 100
4.10.2 Water Quality Impacts......................... 100
4.10.3 Hydropower Losses............................. 100
4.11 Coordination and Monitoring......................... 101
4.11.1 Interagency Committee......................... 101
4.11.2 Temperature and Fishery Monitoring............ 101
5 Plan Implementation........................................ 102
5.1 Design and Construction.............................. 102
5.2 Real Estate Requirements............................. 102
5.3 Non-Federal Cost Sharing............................. 105
6. Coordination and, Public Views and Comments............... 106
7. Conclusions............................................... 109
8. Recommendations........................................... 112
Recommendations of the Division Engineer......................... 113
Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)............................. 114
Section 404(b)(1) Evaluation..................................... 286
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Coordination Act Report (CAR)..... 291
EXHIBITS ACCOMPANYING THE REPORT OF THE DISTRICT ENGINEER
Exhibit A, Temperature Data and Modelling Analysis........... 427
Exhibit B, Analysis for Low Flow Augmentation During
Construction............................................. 474
Exhibit C, Correspondence.................................... 510
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APPENDICES ACCOMPANYING THE REPORT OF THE DISTRICT ENGINEER
(Volume II, Technical Appendices, not printed)
Technical Appendices.
Appendix A: Economic Analysis.
Attachment A1. Socioeconomic Base Study.
Attachment A2. Recreation Analysis.
Attachment A3. Hydropower Production Losses.
Appendix B: Engineering Analysis for Blue Lake.
Appendix C: Engineering Analysis for Cougar Lake.
Appendix D: Base Line Cost Estimate.
List of Figures
Figure 1--Willamette Basin Location Map.......................... 8
Figure 2--McKenzie River Subbasin Study Area..................... 10
Figure 3--Pre- and Post-Dam Temperatures Below Blue River Dam.... 12
Figure 4--General Plan and Features, Blue River Lake............. 13
Figure 5--General Plan and Features, Cougar Lake................. 16
Figure 6--Pre- and Post-Project Flows of the Blue and South Fork 27
Rivers.
Figure 7--Existing Thermal Conditions at Blue River Lake......... 28
Figure 8--Existing Thermal Conditions at Cougar Lake............. 29
Figure 9--Typical Temperature Profiles at Blue River and Cougar 32
Lakes.
Figure 10--Temperature Profiles for Blue River and Cougar Lakes.. 33
Figure 11--Reservoir Schedule Diagrams for Blue River and Cougar 35
Lakes.
Figure 12--Modelled Temperature Targets.......................... 46
Figure 13--Schematic Diagrams of Localized and Deep Tube Mixers.. 51
Figure 14--Temperature Control Effects on the mainstream McKenzie 58
from SWS.
Figure 15--Thermal Potential for Fish Movement................... 65
Figure 16--Ported SWS for Cougar Lake............................ 70
Figure 17--Ported SWS for Blue River Lake........................ 72
Figure 18--Diversion Plan for Cougar Lake........................ 75
Figure 19--Diversion Plan for Blue River Lake.................... 79
Figure 20--Elevations During Construction and Flood Routing, 80
Cougar Lake.
Figure 21--Elevations During Construction and Flood Routing, Blue 82
River Lake.
Figure 22--Order of Reservoir Drawdown and Conservation Storage 83
Amounts.
Figure 23--McKenzie River Flows Near Vida During Construction.... 86
Figure 24--Hills Creek Elevations During Construction............ 88
Figure 25--Lookout Point Elevations During Construction.......... 89
Figure 26--Implementation Schedule for the Selected Plan......... 103
List of Tables
Table 1--Pertinent Data, Blue River Lake......................... 14
Table 2--Pertinent Data, Cougar Lake............................. 17
Table 3--Length, Elevation, and Average Gradient of the McKenzie 23
and Tributaries.
Table 4--Recorded and Estimated mean Annual Flows of the McKenzie 24
and Tributaries.
Table 5--Recommended Water Temperature Ranges.................... 45
Table 6--SWS Performance as Measured by Average Temperature 55
Differences.
Table 7--SWS Performance as Measured by Degree-Days of Warming 56
and Cooling.
Table 8--SWS Achievement of Target Temperatures (in percent of 57
the time).
Table 9--Average Annual NED Costs for Alternative Scenarios...... 62
Table 10--Marginal Costs for Scenarios........................... 63
Table 11--Summary of Environmental Outputs by Alternative 68
Scenario.
Table 12--Estimated Conservation Flows and Elevation Differences 84
During Construction.
Table 13--Average Monthly Outflows During Construction........... 85
Table 14--Monthly Average Flows at Control Points During 87
Construction.
Table 15--Total Cost Summary for Blue River and Cougar........... 92
Table 16--Contract Cost Summary by Project....................... 93
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