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108th CONGRESS
2d Session
H. R. 4185
To improve the coordination of the Federal Government in identifying
and responding to weak or failing countries that endanger international
security or stability, to improve the coordination and conduct of pre-
conflict stabilization operations and post-conflict reconstruction
operations, and for other purposes.
_______________________________________________________________________
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
April 21, 2004
Mr. Dreier introduced the following bill; which was referred to the
Committee on International Relations, and in addition to the Committee
on Armed Services, for a period to be subsequently determined by the
Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall
within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned
_______________________________________________________________________
A BILL
To improve the coordination of the Federal Government in identifying
and responding to weak or failing countries that endanger international
security or stability, to improve the coordination and conduct of pre-
conflict stabilization operations and post-conflict reconstruction
operations, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.
(a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``International
Security Enhancement Act of 2004''.
(b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as
follows:
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Findings.
TITLE I--DEPARTMENT OF STATE REFORM
Sec. 101. Office of Overseas Contingencies and Stabilization and
Undersecretary of State for Overseas
Contingencies and Stabilization.
Sec. 102. Identification of weak or failing countries and
categorization of country according to
level of risk.
Sec. 103. Emergency Stabilization Operations Support Fund.
TITLE II--DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE REFORM
Sec. 201. Regional joint interagency task forces for post-conflict
reconstruction operations.
TITLE III--NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL REFORM
Sec. 301. Joint Task Force for Stabilization, Reconstruction, and
Contingency Operations Coordination.
TITLE IV--MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
Sec. 401. Rules of construction.
Sec. 402. Sense of Congress.
SEC. 2. FINDINGS.
Congress finds the following:
(1) The United States is engaged in a Global War on
Terrorism, in which threats to the security of the United
States often originate in weak or failing countries.
(2) The National Security Strategy of the United States
states that ``the United States and countries cooperating with
us must not allow the terrorists to develop new home bases''.
(3) It is in the interests of the United States to develop
a comprehensive framework to monitor weak or failing countries
and prepare to deal effectively with these countries before
they become imminent threats to the people of the United
States.
(4) The Department of State is uniquely equipped to
communicate with other United States agencies and international
organizations to plan for pre-conflict stabilization operations
and post-conflict reconstruction operations in weak or failing
countries, both as an alternative to military intervention and
as a successor to military conflict, if such conflict becomes
unavoidable.
(5) Since the end of World War II, the United States has
participated in reconstruction and democracy-building efforts
in Germany, Japan, Somalia, Haiti, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Kosovo, Afghanistan, and Iraq, and the knowledge and experience
of United States agencies, in cooperation with international
organizations, was critical to successfully providing security
and humanitarian relief and establishing the rule of law in
these countries and regions.
(6) The ability of the Department of Defense, the
Department of State, the National Security Council, and various
international organizations to coordinate and cooperate
effectively to deal with emerging threats is essential for
enhancing the ability of the United States and its allies to
win the Global War on Terrorism
(7) A 2003 report from the RAND Corporation states ``post-
conflict stabilization and reconstruction with the objective of
promoting a transition to democracy appear to be the
inescapable responsibility of the world's only superpower.
Therefore . . . the United States ought to make the smaller
long-term investments in its own institutional capacity to
conduct such operations''.
TITLE I--DEPARTMENT OF STATE REFORM
SEC. 101. OFFICE OF OVERSEAS CONTINGENCIES AND STABILIZATION AND
UNDERSECRETARY OF STATE FOR OVERSEAS CONTINGENCIES AND
STABILIZATION.
(a) Establishment.--The State Department Basic Authorities Act of
1956 is amended by adding after section 58 (22 U.S.C. 2730) the
following new section:
``SEC. 59. OVERSEAS CONTINGENCIES AND STABILIZATION.
``(a) Office of Overseas Contingencies and Stabilization.--
``(1) Establishment of office.--The Secretary shall
establish within the Department of State an Office of Overseas
Contingencies and Stabilization.
``(2) Purpose of office.--The Office shall have primary
responsibility for planning and administering non-military
aspects of overseas contingency operations, including pre-
conflict stabilization operations and post-conflict
reconstruction operations, in countries categorized pursuant to
section 60 as countries of impending risk or countries of
immediate risk.
``(3) Head of office.--The head of the Office shall be the
Undersecretary for Overseas Contingencies and Stabilization.
The President shall appoint the Undersecretary, by and with the
advice and consent of the Senate.
``(b) Organization of Office.--
``(1) Three bureaus.--The Office shall be organized into
three bureaus, as follows:
``(A) The Bureau of Contingency Planning.
``(B) The Bureau of Contingency Training.
``(C) The Bureau of Contingency Coordination.
``(2) Head of bureaus.--The head of each bureau shall be an
Assistant Secretary. The President shall appoint the Assistant
Secretaries, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.
``(c) Bureau of Contingency Planning.--The Bureau of Contingency
Planning shall be responsible for--
``(1) coordinating with the intelligence community, as
defined in section 3(4) of the National Security Act of 1947
(50 U.S.C. 401a(4)), in the identification of countries as weak
or failing under section 60;
``(2) monitoring political and economic developments in
such countries;
``(3) preparing pre-conflict stabilization operations to
address the dangers specified in section 60(a)(1) associated
with such countries; and
``(4) preparing post-conflict reconstruction operations,
including operations relating to civil and political affairs,
for countries in which the United States participates or may
participate in a pre-conflict stabilization operation or a
post-conflict reconstruction operation.
``(d) Bureau of Contingency Training.--The Bureau of Contingency
Training shall be responsible for--
``(1) training members of the Federal Government for
overseas pre-conflict stabilization operations and post-
conflict reconstruction operations in weak or failing countries
identified under section 60;
``(2) administering the International Contingency Training
Center established under subsection (f); and
``(3) administering the Civilian Overseas Contingency Force
established under section (g) and maintaining the International
Contingency Personnel Database established under subsection
(h).
``(e) Bureau of Contingency Coordination.--The Bureau of
Contingency Coordination shall serve as the permanent liaison between
the Office and--
``(1) the Department of Defense and other relevant
departments;
``(2) the Central Intelligence Agency and other relevant
elements of the intelligence community;
``(3) the United Nations and the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization and other relevant international governmental
organizations; and
``(4) relevant non-governmental organizations.
``(f) International Contingency Training Center.--
``(1) Establishment.--The Undersecretary shall establish
within the Bureau of Contingency Training an International
Contingency Training Center.
``(2) Duties.--The Center shall be responsible for--
``(A) conducting inter-agency training, including
training related to inter-agency decision-making,
operational planning, and execution simulations, for
mid-level Government officials and managers to prepare
these officials and managers to address complex
overseas contingencies, including pre-conflict
stabilization operations and post-conflict
reconstruction operations;
``(B) conducting advanced training related to pre-
conflict stabilization operations and post-conflict
reconstruction operations for members of the Civilian
Overseas Contingency Force;
``(C) conducting pre-deployment training related to
pre-conflict stabilization operations and post-conflict
reconstruction operations for civilians and military-
civil affairs personnel;
``(D) conducting exercises related to pre-conflict
stabilization operations and post-conflict
reconstruction operations for United States and
international experts;
``(E) developing a uniform set of operating
procedures for pre-conflict stabilization operations
and post-conflict reconstruction operations; and
``(F) conducting on-going evaluations and after-
action reviews of pre-conflict stabilization operations
and post-conflict reconstruction operations.
``(3) Location.--
``(A) Determination by undersecretary.--The Center
shall be located at a site the Undersecretary
determines to be appropriate to allow the Center to
properly carry out the duties specified in paragraph
(2).
``(B) Military and other facilities.--In making the
determination under subparagraph (A), the
Undersecretary shall consider military installations
and other existing Government facilities that satisfy
the needs of the Center.
``(C) Report.--Not later than one year from the
date of the enactment of the International Security
Enhancement Act of 2004, the Undersecretary shall
submit to the appropriate congressional committees a
report recommending a site for the location of the
Center.
``(4) Support.--The Assistant Secretary for Contingency
Training shall provide the Center with such staff and resources
as the Assistant Secretary considers necessary and appropriate
to allow the Center to properly carry out the duties specified
in paragraph (2).
``(g) Civilian Overseas Contingency Force.--
``(1) Establishment and purpose.--The Undersecretary shall
establish within the Bureau of Contingency Training a Civilian
Overseas Contingency Force intended to provide a ready source
of volunteers who can provide in-country assistance in support
of pre-conflict stabilization operations and post-conflict
reconstruction operations carried out by the Office in
countries categorized pursuant to section 60 as countries of
impending risk or countries of immediate risk.
``(2) Authority.--
``(A) Country of impending risk.--The President,
acting through the Undersecretary, may authorize the
deployment of members of the Force to a country of
impending risk if the President determines that such
deployment is likely to--
``(i) prevent the country from satisfying
any of the criteria specified in section
60(a)(1), if the country does not satisfy any
of the criteria at the time of the appointment
of a Special Coordinator under section 60(g)
for the country; or
``(ii) assist the country to end its
satisfaction of any of the criteria and reduce
the likelihood that the country will be
considered a national security priority by the
President, if the country satisfies any of the
criteria at the time of the appointment
``(B) Country of immediate risk.--The President,
acting through the Undersecretary, may authorize the
deployment of members of the Force to a country of
immediate risk if the President determines that such
deployment is likely to--
``(i) assist the country to end its
satisfaction of any of the criteria specified
in section 60(a)(1); and
``(ii) allow the President to remove the
country from the list of countries the
President considers to be a national security
priority.
``(3) Composition.--
``(A) Volunteers.--The Force shall be composed of
volunteers selected by the Undersecretary, and may
include--
``(i) individuals who are Federal employees
or former employees of the executive,
legislative, or judicial branches;
``(ii) individuals who are retired or
former members of the uniformed services;
``(iii) individuals from the United States
or foreign academic community;
``(iv) individuals from United States or
foreign non-governmental organizations; and
``(v) such other individuals from the
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