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and trying to resolve again on that special day to spend every day that 
I have been given to be your President working on those issues, on the 
big things that really affect people's lives and their future, not be 
diverted by the little things that so often swallow up our politics, 
make us less than we ought to be, and keep us from facing our 
responsibilities to the future. And that's really what I want to talk to 
you about today.
    I'm honored to be here because I think these community colleges all 
across our country represent our responsibilities to the future, the 
chance of people to learn for a lifetime, without regard to their racial 
or ethnic or income backgrounds, the chance for people to make the most 
of their lives. I'm glad to be here because I think your mayor is an 
extraordinary leader who has taken on the tough issues here and tried to 
do these things.
    And I'm glad to be here in Dan Rostenkowski's congressional district 
because had it not been for his leadership last year, we would not have 
done the things which were done which have got this economy on the right 
course and are moving into the future, and we would not be able to do 
the things that we have to do to meet our obligations to the future in 
this coming year in health care, welfare reform, and many other areas. 
So, I am honored to be here, here in this congressional district and 
here to tell you what you already know: that last year, when I became 
President, we had a deficit that had quadrupled the national debt, that 
had quadrupled in 12 years; we had 4 years of very slow job growth; we 
had very low economic growth; we had low investment. And I determined 
that we were going to have to make some tough decisions that would not 
be popular in the short run, decisions for which we would be attacked 
and decisions which would be misrepresented to the American people, to 
get an economic implant in place that would reverse the track we were 
on, that would begin to bring down the deficit, that would bring down 
interest rates, keep inflation down, and get investment and jobs and 
growth up. And I proposed that economic plan to the Congress, and in 
spite of the fact that there were billions of dollars of spending cuts 
in it and the taxes all went to reduce the deficit and only the top 1.2 
percent of the American people paid higher income taxes--16.5 percent of 
the people, as they'll find out on April 15th, got a tax cut, lower 
income working people who deserve it be- 

[[Page 384]]

cause they are doing their best to raise their kids and educate them--in 
spite of that fact, many Members of Congress were quaking in their boots 
to vote for the bill. They were afraid to vote for it. They knew it was 
the right thing for America, because they were so terrified of the 
rhetoric of the last decade.
    We were going to be paralyzed with the thought that the American 
people would not even support us raising taxes on the top 1.2 percent of 
our people and putting all of the money into deficit reduction to pay 
our obligations to the future. And that bill passed the United States 
Congress by one vote in both Houses. And I am telling you, if it hadn't 
been for the leadership of the chairman of the House Ways and Means 
Committee, it would not have happened, and this economy today would not 
be on the right path it's on if we had not done it. That is a fact. It 
is not up to me to know or to make judgments about all the things that 
are of concern to the people of Chicago, the people of this 
neighborhood. But I can tell you, as your President, I know that for a 
fact.
    I also know that we have a lot of challenges before us. We have just 
begun to do what we need to do. Even though our economy last year 
produced nearly 2 million jobs--more than in the previous 4 years, even 
though most of those jobs were private sector jobs; whereas for the last 
10 years or more, more and more of our jobs have been Government jobs, 
and the private sector has not been producing those new jobs--you know 
we have a long way to go. There are still too many people in Chicago who 
want a good job, who don't have it or can't find one. There are still 
too many people who work harder and harder every year without an 
increase in their incomes. There are still too many people who get out 
of high school without the education and training and skills they need. 
There are still too many people who ought to be at least in a community 
college, who aren't there.
    Let me tell you, we have just done a study of this, and I released 
it last week. You may have seen it in the news when we were talking 
about our education program. But here is what we know: We know that in 
1992, high school dropouts had an unemployment rate over 11 percent. 
High school graduates had an unemployment rate of just over 7 percent. 
People with 2 years of community college had an unemployment rate of 5 
percent. People who had 4-year college degrees had an unemployment rate 
of 3.5 percent. We live in a world where what you earn depends on what 
you can learn. And until we fulfill our responsibilities to make those 
opportunities available to all Americans, not just when they're young 
but for a lifetime--the average age at this community college is 31 
years of age--until we do that, we will not have done our job for the 
future of this country.
    We know that the earnings of high school graduates are, on average, 
more than $4,000 higher than the earnings of high school dropouts; that 
the earnings of people who have at least 2 years of post-high-school 
education are, on average, more than $4,000 higher than the earnings of 
people who graduate from high school. We know these things, and we still 
have a lot to do.
    We know that we cannot restore order and harmony to our cities until 
we can free our young people of the scourge of crime and the fear of 
violence. When 160,000 young people stay home from school every day 
because they are afraid they are going to be shot or cut up or beat up, 
when even in cities where the crime rate is going down, often the death 
rate among young people from gunshot wounds is going up, we know that. 
And we know, as those fine medical professionals that the Mayor and 
Chairman Rostenkowski and I met with just a few moments ago told us, and 
they are here in the crowd today with the law enforcement officers and 
the community leaders, that unless we do something to reclaim our young 
people and to free them of the scourge of crime and violence, that the 
explosion in costs of our health care system will continue to drive up 
the cost of all Americans' health care and make it more and more 
difficult for people here in the city of Chicago and other places around 
the country even to keep their trauma units open because of the 
exploding costs of health care.
    And so I say to you, my fellow Americans, we are moving this country 
in the right direction. You can see it from the passage of the economic 
program and the results of it. You can see it from the passage of NAFTA 
and

[[Page 385]]

the opening of trade. You can see it from our making high-tech goods 
available for international trade. You can see it from the passage of 
the Brady bill, which becomes law today. Today. You can see it in these 
actions. We are moving in the right direction. I also want to just 
announce in connection with that, you know, what the Brady bill does is 
to make nationwide the requirement of a 5-day waiting period during 
which time a background check will be done. We now know from actual 
studies that this will save thousands of lives a year.
    Today the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms in Washington is 
also taking an assault weapon called the ``street sweeper'' off the open 
market. This weapon was developed for crowd control in South Africa, not 
for hunting or sporting purposes. Several years ago we banned its 
import, but we allowed it to be made in this country. Today the Bureau 
of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms is reclassifying the ``street sweeper'' 
and another assault weapon as destructive devices, increasing the taxes 
on manufacturers and dealers, and requiring extraordinary measures 
before those weapons can be sold. We will make it a safer America if we 
keep doing these things.
    But as we begin a new week of work in the Congress, even though we 
are pleased by those measures and others that I haven't mentioned, the 
family and medical leave law, the motor voter bill, which makes it 
easier for young people to vote, a lot of other good things which were 
done last year to rebuild a sense of common purpose and community in our 
country. We know we have a lot still to do. And there are four major 
pieces of legislation in the Congress today I want to mention to you, 
because each of them, in a different way, affects you.
    The first two which are being considered right now are the crime 
bill and the education bill. The crime bill will put 100,000 more police 
officers on the street to help make the mayor's community-policing 
initiative work, so that people will know their neighbors, know the 
kids. Police officers will walk the streets, and they won't just catch 
criminals, they'll work to keep crime from happening in the first place. 
We know this brings crime down. It is already beginning to work. In 
Chicago it will work dramatically if we can give the men and women who 
are working on our streets the support they need. The crime bill will do 
that--100,000 more police officers on the street--and we need to pass it 
as soon as possible.
    The crime bill will do some other things. It will ban assault 
weapons, 28 different kinds, if it passes in the form it passed the 
Senate. It will have a very clearly worded ``three strikes and you're 
out'' provision, which basically says if you commit three violent crimes 
which are seriously damaging to people, you are not eligible for parole 
anymore. A small percentage of the people commit a high percentage of 
the crime, and it will give many, many more young people and people who 
are already incarcerated, who have a chance to put their lives right, 
something to say ``yes'' to. There is more in there for drug treatment; 
there is more in there for community recreational activities; there is 
more in there for boot camps for first-time nonviolent offenders.
    We need to recognize that a lot of the kids that are getting in 
trouble have grown up in neighborhoods where there is no longer a strong 
sense of community, where their own families are not able to support 
them, and where there is not very much work. And when you have 
neighborhoods in which you lose family, community, and work, you're in a 
world of hurt. And we have to give those kids something to say ``yes'' 
to, and that is also something we're trying to do in the crime bill.
    The second legislation now pending in the Congress that is important 
to all of you, particularly the students here, for your future, are the 
education bills. Our Goals 2000 bill, which will help mostly our 
elementary and secondary students because it establishes world-class 
standards for our schools, encourages grassroots reforms and changes to 
meet those standards, and gives the support we need to State and to 
local school districts to do that, including all kinds of 
experimentation that the Federal Government has never before clearly 
embraced.
    The second bill is called the school-to-work bill, which attempts to 
create more students like you. It recognizes that the United States is 
the only major country that does

[[Page 386]]

not have a system for taking all the high school graduates who aren't 
going on to 4-year colleges and at least getting them 2 years of further 
training. It recognizes that there's an artificial distinction between 
what is vocational and practical on the one hand and what is academic on 
the other hand. The average 18-year-old will change work eight times in 
a lifetime. There is no clear dividing line between learning and work, 
between the academic and the practical; they are one and the same. And 
we have to set up a system so that all high school graduates are given 
the chance to get further education, even as they work, so that 
eventually all Americans who need it will be flooding into institutions 
like this, not just once but as many as three and four and five times in 
a lifetime, so they will always be employable, always eligible to get 
better and better and better jobs.
    And finally, on the education package, we have to change the 
unemployment system. I don't know how many people are here who have ever 
been on unemployment, but employers pay a tax, an unemployment tax, and 
then when you're on unemployment, you get a check that comes out of the 
fund where the tax receipts go. And the check is always for less than 
you were making and hopefully enough for you to just squeak by on. That 
used to be a system that worked when people were temporarily unemployed 
and then brought back to their old job. That's what unemployment used to 
be. But today unemployment is very different. Today unemployment 
normally means that job is gone forever and you have to go find another 
job. So we need to scrap the unemployment system and create a 
reemployment system so that from day one when somebody is unemployed, 
they can immediately begin, while they're drawing that unemployment 
check, to undergo retraining, to develop new skills, to look for new 
jobs, and not wait and not delay.
    The next two great challenges we hope to embrace this year are 
welfare reform and health care reform. Let me say a word about welfare 
reform. I am sure I have spent more time with people on welfare than 
anybody who's ever been the President of the United States. I am sure of 
that, because when I was Governor I made it my business to find out as 
much as I could about the welfare system. Why do people stay on welfare 
generation after generation? Why do they do it? I'll tell you one thing: 
For the overwhelming majority, it's not because they like welfare very 
much. The people who hate this system the worst are the people who are 
trapped in it. Why do people stay on welfare? Is it because the checks 
are generous? No, it's because overwhelmingly the people on welfare are 
younger women with little children and little education and little 
employability. And if they take a job, it's a low-wage job. They lose 
Medicaid for their kids. They have to figure out how to pay for the 
child care, so it becomes an economic loser.
    What we have to do is to end welfare as we know it, to make it a 
second chance not a way of life, to give people education and training 
and support for their kids and medical coverage and then say, after 2 
years of this, there will be a job there, and you must take it. You must 
go to work, but there will be a job there.
    Finally, and most importantly, let me tell you that none of the 
long-term problems of this country can be adequately addressed until we 
have the courage to reform our health care system. We are the only 
advanced nation in the world spending 14.5 percent of our income, every 
dollar, on health care. No other country spends more than 10, that's 
Canada. Japan and Germany, our major competitors for the future, spend 
just under 9 cents of every dollar on health care. And yet all of these 
other countries provide health care to everyone. And yet every year, of 
our 255 million Americans--every year at some point during the year, 58 
million Americans have no health insurance. At any given time, 37 to 39 
million will have no health insurance. Small businesses and self-
employed people pay 35 to 40 percent more for their health insurance 
coverage and have less coverage than those of us who work for Government 
or who are in bigger businesses.
    The cost of health care has gone up at 2 and 3 times the rate of 
inflation. Most Americans have lifetime limits on their health insurance 
policies, so if anybody in their family really gets sick, they can run 
out of the limit and not have any insurance at all. An enormous number 
of Americans, over 80 million, have someone in their family who has what

[[Page 387]]

is called a preexisting condition. They've been sick before, which means 
that either they can't get insurance or their premiums are higher than 
they ought to be or they're stuck in their job they're in because if 
they ever try to change jobs, their new employer won't insure them. All 
this is because--not because we have bad health care providers, we have 
the best doctors, nurses, health care facilities in the world, it is 
because of the way we finance health care. It is wrong and we ought to 
change it.
    These trauma units are in hospitals that have to take care of a lot 
of other people. They have to recover the costs of all these people 
coming in with gunshot wounds and other wounds into the trauma unit and 
pass the cost on to somebody else. And if they can't do it, they run the 
risk of going broke. This is not a good system. It is the financing that 
is messed up. It is the unfairness of it. It is the fact that as older 
people stay in the work force, their insurance premiums get higher, even 
though older people are the fastest growing group of Americans. It isn't 
fair for them, just because of their age, to have to pay higher 
insurance premiums. This system does not work. We have to have the 
courage to change it. If we don't, let me tell you what's going to 
happen. By the end of the decade, we'll be spending 19 or 20 percent of 
our income on health care. None of our competitors will be over 12. How 
are we going to compete with them? If we don't, by the end of the decade 
all the new money you pay in taxes will go to health care, and it will 
go to pay more for the same health care.
    This budget I have presented, I've heard all--people have talked for 
years and years and years about cutting the deficit and cutting 
spending. Let me tell you something. The budget I have given to Congress 
cuts defense and cuts discretionary domestic spending, that is, non-
Social Security, non-health care payments. We cut that by billions of 
dollars, not adjusted for inflation, I mean real money for the first 
time since 1969.
    So I don't want to hear people talk to me about cutting spending. 
But you know what's going up: health care costs, in this budget, at 2 
and 3 times the rate of inflation. And it's more money for the same 
health care. If you don't fix the health care system by the end of the 
decade, when you come to the Federal Government and you say, ``We need 
another expressway in Chicago, like Congressman Rostenkowski used to get 
us money for,'' we'll say, ``I'm sorry, there's no money for the 
expressway. We're spending it all on health care.'' You'll come and say, 
``We need money for another environmental technology program, like 
Congressman Rostenkowski used to get us money for,'' and we'll say, 
``Oh, I'm sorry, there's no money for this. It's all going to the same 
health care.''
    I'm telling you, we're going to choke this budget off if we don't do 
something about health care. It is complicated. People have different 
ideas. If this were easy, it would have been done years ago. For 60 
years the National Government has tried to come to grips with the fact 
that we do not provide health care coverage to all Americans. But I'm 

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